Understanding the Clear Nuances Between « Each » and « Every »

The English language is a labyrinth of subtleties, where slight differences in words can convey distinct meanings. Two commonly used words that often cause confusion are « each » and « every. » While they may seem interchangeable at times, these words have subtle nuances that set them apart. In this article, we will delve into the distinctions between « each » and « every » to help you use them correctly in your communication.

1. « Each » for Individual Items:

« Each » is used when we want to emphasize individual items within a group. It implies that you are considering the members of a group separately or individually. Here are some examples:

Each student in the class received a certificate.

The flowers in the garden bloom each spring.

She gave each child a piece of candy.

In these sentences, « each » emphasizes that the action applies to every individual within the group or set.

2. « Every » for All-Inclusive Sets:

On the other hand, « every » is used when we want to refer to the entire group or set as a whole. It implies totality or universality. Consider these examples:

Every student must complete the assignment by Friday.

The store is closed every Sunday.

Every member of the team contributes to our success.

In these sentences, « every » highlights the group as a whole and suggests that the action or condition applies universally to all members of that group.

3. Emphasis on Specificity:

« Each » tends to emphasize the uniqueness or individuality of the items in the group. It suggests a certain level of distinction among the members. For example, when you say, « I gave $10 to each of my friends, » you are emphasizing that you gave $10 to each friend individually.

« Every, » on the other hand, emphasizes uniformity and inclusivity. Saying, « I give $10 to every friend, » implies that you are giving $10 to all your friends without distinction.

4. Collective vs. Distributive:

In grammatical terms, « each » is often considered distributive, while « every » is more collective. « Each » distributes the action or quality to each individual, while « every » gathers all individuals under one common condition or action.

5. Singular and Plural Agreement:

Another important distinction is in the agreement of verbs and pronouns. When you use « each, » you typically follow it with a singular verb and pronoun. For example, « Each student has their own book. » In contrast, when you use « every, » you typically follow it with a singular verb and pronoun as well. For example, « Every student has his or her book. »

In conclusion, understanding the subtle differences between « each » and « every » can significantly enhance your precision in English communication. « Each » emphasizes individuality and separateness within a group, while « every » underscores universality and inclusivity. By using these words appropriately, you can convey your intended meaning more clearly and effectively.